Effects of sumithion on histopathology of liver and kidney in silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus

Abstract

Sumithion is an organophosphorous pesticide that has a negative impact on fish organ
such as liver and kidney. This study was conducted to assess the effects of sumithion on
histological changes in liver and kidney of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionitus). Four treatments
such as To (control), T1, T2 and T3, designated for 0.00, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm of sumithion
respectively with two replications for each were designed. Histopathological alterations in liver
and kidney were found after 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure to sumithion. Hypertrophy of
hepatocytes, mild to severe necrosis, ruptured central vein, necrosis, pyknosis, hemorrhage,
irregular shaped nucleus, clear cell foci, nuclear degeneration and vacuolation were found in liver
of fish exposed to 0.05 and 0.1 ppm sumithion for 15 and 30 days. Degeneration of kidney
tubules, vacuolization, mild to severe necrosis, pyknosis, ruptured renal corpuscle, ruptured
collecting duct and hemorrhage were also recorded in kidney. At the earlier stage of the
experiment the cells of kidney and liver were compact but with the progress of the experimental
period and increasing doses the cells became degenerated and intracellular space was increased.
Severe changes were found at 0.1 ppm after 30 days of exposure in case of liver and kidney. The
histopathological changes observed in the tissues of liver and kidney indicates that sub lethal
concentrations of sumithion caused moderate to severe alterations in liver and kidney.